Speeches According to Purposes

Speeches According to Purposes

I. INFORMATIVE SPEECH

A) Definition:

1. “At its essence, speaking to inform is the act of giving. Informative speaking gives your audience completely new knowledge, skills, or understanding about your topic or increases their current knowledge, skills, or understanding.” (DK Guide To Public Speaking)
2. “In informative speaking situations, the speaker seeks to deepen understanding, raise awareness, or increase knowledge about a topic.” (Public Speaking: The Evolving Art)

B) Characteristics of Competent Informative Speaking:

1. An informative speech is personally meaningful.
2. An informative speech is accurate.
3. An informative speech is clear.

C) Common Types of Informative Speech:

1. Speeches about objects and places.
2. Speeches about people and other living creatures.
3. Speeches about processes.
4. Speeches about events
5. Speeches about ideas and concepts.

D) Organizational Patterns for Informative Speaking:

1. The Chronological Pattern
2. The Spatial Pattern
3. The Topical Pattern
4. The Narrative Pattern
5. The Cause-and-Effect Pattern

E) Typical Examples of Informative Speech:

1. Classroom lectures, Demonstration talks (Procedures ), Explanations of techniques,and  Seminars

II. PERSUASIVE SPEECH

A) Definition:

1. Persuasion relies on language, images, and other means of communication to influence people’s beliefs, attitudes, values, or actions.
2. Persuasion implies choice. Coercion, however, does not.
3. Persuasive speech is a speech in which the speaker attempts to reinforce, modify, or change audience members’ beliefs, attitudes, opinions, values, and behaviors.

B) Persuasive speeches address three types of questions:

1. Speeches on Questions of Fact
2. Speeches on Questions of Value
3. Speeches on Questions of Policy

C) Different Kinds of Audience that may encounter in a Persuasive Speech:

1. The Negative Audience
2. The Positive Audience
3. The Divided Audience
4. The Uninformed Audience
5. The Apathetic Audience

D) Traditional Appeals Used to Persuade the Audience:

1. Appeal to Pathos
2. Appeal to Mythos
3. Appeal to Ethos
4. Appeal to Logos

E) Typical Examples of Persuasive Speech:

1. Sales Talk, Solicitations for Subscriptions or Membership to an Organization and Campaigns for Worthy of Political Causes

III. INSPIRATIONAL SPEECH

A) Definition:

1. An inspirational speech is used to impress, to elevate the spirit or to arouse the emotion of the audience.

B) Typical Examples of Inspirational Speech:

1. Funeral Orations, Short “Pep” Talks, Valedictory Address, Religious Sermons are some of the examples.

IV. ENTERTAINING SPEECH

A) Definition:

1. This type of speech has for its main purpose the enjoyment of the audience by telling them light-hearted or funny stories.

B) Typical Examples of Inspirational Speech:

1. Some of the exanples are After-dinner Toast and Travelogues

V. ARGUMENTATIVE SPEECH

A) Definition: 

1. An argument makes a claim and backs it up it with evidence and reasoning.
2. Argumentative speech, thus, is intended to induce belief by force of facts (evidence), reasons, and manner of presentation.

B) Typical Examples of Argumentative Speech:

1. Debate and Court Hearing are two of the concrete examples of argumentative speech