The Classical Era Mapeh 9

 The Classical era, also called “Age of Reason “, is the period from 1750-1820. The cultural life was

dominated by the aristocracy, as patrons of musicians and artists who generally influenced the arts. Significant changes in musical forms and styles were made.
In the middle of the 18th century, Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature,
and the arts, known as Classicism. It was also pushed forward by changes in the economic order and in social structure. Primarily the nobility patronized instrumental music.
Important historical events that occurred in the West during the Era were the French Revolution and the
Napoleonic Wars, the American Declaration of independence in 1776 and the American Revolution.
The term “classical” denotes conformity with the principles and characteristics of ancient Greece and
Roman literature and art, which were formal, elegant, simple, freed and dignified.

 
The following are the specific characteristics of the Classical music:
1. Texture
Usually, Classical music is homophonic. There is one melodic line with a non-melodic or less
melodic accompaniment, thus creating a simpler texture as opposed to the massive sound of Baroque
music.

 
2. Melody
There is a strong emphasis on the melody in Classical music. Classical melodies are typically
short, lyrical, and easy to sing.

 
3. Harmony
Classical harmony is a lot simpler than that of the Baroque. It is strongly tonal because key
signatures are firmly established during this period.

 
4. Dynamics
The dynamics of loud and soft were clearly shown through the extensive use of crescendo and
diminuendo.

 
5. Form
Musical forms in the Classical period were clearly defined. Music was organized into precise, well
balanced, and clear sections.

 
6. Improvisation
The importance of the basso continuo had been reduced during this period. This is why
improvisation had become less and less significant. 

If Baroque music uses basso continuo as the bass accompaniment, Classical music uses the Alberti bass, a broken chord accompaniment named after Domenico Alberti.
The great composers of Classical period were Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
and Van Ludwig Beethoven. Sonata, concerto, and Symphony are the instrumental forms developed
during this era while Opera Seria and Opera Buffa are the two vocal forms.

Classical Era